The Production of Child Labor Essay - 1111 Words

Intro During the change over to a more industrialized economy, power-driven machines became popular in the early 1800’s. As a result of needing works, the production of child labor occurred. Child labor was a major problem due to several aspects of cruelty. There was no need for adult strength when one can hire children, while they work for continuous hours and barely paying them a dollar per week. On average children whom worked in a factory worked about twelve to eighteen hours a day, six days a week, to earn all but one dollar. Several children from poor families were either forced to work in factories since their parents could not support their needs, and/ or their heartless parents turning them over to a factory owner. Sources say†¦show more content†¦Factory workers looked down upon children as if they were not humans and almost in the sense that they were slaves. Thesis : Child labor affected several young lives and evolved from being one of the cruelest acts in the 1800s to one of the most known reforms. Body Paragraph 1: Health A huge issue with child labor was the children’s health. Children’s health and safety is far different from adults, hence some working conditions are not the best for children to be in. Working in bad conditions can cause a great risk of injuries and possibly even long-term effects. Children tend to have more injuries than adults in poor working conditions due to having little knowledge on how to work the machines and very little skills with labor-intensive jobs. These working conditions even caused rapid skeletal growth, greater risk of hearing loss, lower heat tolerance, greater need for food and rest, and many more. Children were forced to work for long hours on a regular basis. As children work late hours under poor conditions, their health tends to decrease, causing their families to worry. In some cases, the children die depending on how hard they are forced to work, which causes a constant concern for their parents. A Child’s health is very important to pa rents and to know you’re your child can possibly die from being overworked, is a parent’s worst fear. Also, some parents have no choice but to give theirShow MoreRelatedChild Labor, Slavery, And Human Trafficking1703 Words   |  7 Pages Despite their role in contributing to child labor, slavery, and human trafficking, the chocolate industry has not taken significant steps to remedy the problem. Within their $60-billion industry, chocolate companies have the power to end the use of child labor and slave labor by paying cocoa farmers a living wage for their product. The chocolate industry is also being called upon to develop and financially support programs to rescue and rehabilitate children who have been sold to cocoa farms. 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Industrialization’s positive effects were new laws to improve working conditions, production increased, and merchandise became cheaper. There were numerous negatives that the Industrial Revolution brought with it; nonetheless the positives out-weigh it in today’s society. Because of the child labor during the Industrial Revolution today’s society currently has laws toRead MoreCase Study : Ikea Case Study1479 Words   |  6 Pages IKEA was producing 11,200 products from 2,300 suppliers in 70 different countries with 24 trade service offices in 19 countries. These offices primarily monitored production, tested new ideas for products, checked quality and set prices. With such an international production base, IKEA faced an even larger challenge when child labor accusations surfaced. Through both of these situations, the morals and values of IKEA were tested on an international, public stage. As Danish authorities passed an

Training Plan Free Essays

TEACHING/FACILITATION PLAN (Please remember to maintain anonymity of the area of work and the persons involved). Date on which the teaching occurred: | |Learning environment: | | | |Number/s and learning style/s of learner/s ( if known) : | | | |Learner’s previous knowledge, skills and attitude : | | | |Title of Session /Aim : | | | | | | | |Learning outcomes: | | | |Time frame: |Content: |Teaching methods used :(e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Training Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now |Resources used: | | | |explanation, | | | | |Lecture, demonstration, | | | | |practice, questioning). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Do not evaluate within in this plan, evaluate the assessment within your 1000 word reflection include: | |What would you do if you were to undertake this again? Would you alter anything with reference to your learning environment, timing, aim, learning | |outcomes, resources used etc? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Essay 1 1. Discuss in detail the effectiveness of your teaching plan ie you may include discussion regarding the learning environment and the teaching methods used. 2. How did you establish the aim and learning outcomes discuss and reflect upon why these are important and useful in practice? The aim of the teaching plan was decided upon following a discussion with the student, when it was highlighted by the student that she felt under confident with taking manual blood pressure readings. The learning out comes were formulated during a one to one session using Nicklin and Kenworthy (2003) who state that learning outcomes should be: SMART Specific †¢ Measureable †¢ Achievable †¢ Realistic †¢ Time framed Mager (1997) conjectures that without objectives you won’t be able to decide which content and procedures will get you to your aim. The formulation of learning outcomes communicates the assessor’s intent and are not open to interpretation. They give the student a clear understanding of what is expected of them. Clinical placements can be daunting for the student and having clear learning aims can help students focus on one aspect at a time thus helping to increase confidence. 3. Discuss learning styles and how knowledge of these may have influenced your choice of teaching methods It is generally acknowledged that learning styles indicate an individual’s preferred way of learning or how the individual acquires information (Fedder and Brent, 2005). Learning styles also influence the way in which learners master the goals and objectives of an educational programme (Rassool and Rawaf, 2008). (Word count for essay 1 =†¦.. words (NB: Please do not   include your words from the teaching plan) ASSESSMENT PLAN (Please remember to maintain the anonymity of the area of work and the persons involved). |Date on which the assessment occurred: | |Learning environment: | | | | | | |Number/s and learning style(s) of learner(s) being assessed: ( if known) | | | | | | | | | |Learner’s previous knowledge, skills and attitude : | | | |Title of assessment /Aim: | | | | | |Learning outcomes: | | | | | |Preparation of the learner/s for the assessment :(please include the context of assessment e. g. ormative/summative): | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Consider any Issues to be considered by the Assessor with the learner/s: (such as maintaining dignity, confidentiality, maintenance of safety. please | |include the standard/level to be achieved, and relate to knowledge/skills/attitudes/safety). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria to be used for this assessment? Trust policy/Standard etc. |Do not evaluate in this plan, evaluate the assessment within your 1000 word reflection include: | |What would you alter if you were to undertake this again? Would you alter anything with reference to your learning environment, timing, aim, learning | |outcomes, resources used etc? | |What methods would you use to collate information regarding the assessment for e. g. utilise observation? Patient narrative or questioning techniques? Would| |you prepare the learner more satisfactorily for the assessment? Would you alter the aim/ learning outcomes? Did you assess knowledge, skills and attitude? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Essay 2 1. Explore in detail why it is necessary to assess your learner The NMC sets out standards of education of pre-registration students. These set out what nursing students must demonstrate to be fit for practice at the point of registration with the NMC. All nurses are required to share their knowledge, skills and expertise and must assist students in the development of competence (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2008a). Recent changes highlighted in the Standards to Support Learning and Assessment in Practice (NMC 2008b) have raised the profile of mentoring in practice. These standards provide a clear framework to enhance the quality, principles and accountability of mentorship. Practical knowledge and personal experience are cornerstones for integrating theoretical knowledge and developing nursing skills and are a major reason for clinical placements during nurse education (Midgley,2006) A context of learning is created when learning is acknowledged as a legitimate aspect of the nursing situation e. g. when an experienced nurse accompanies the student either to observe or teach in the situation. The role of the mentor in clinical practice settings is an important aspect of nurse education. Through mentorship, qualified nurses get the opportunity to pass on professional values, knowledge and skills to the trainee nurse. 2. What were your aim and learning outcomes? Where did the assessment criteria come from? Was the assessment valid and reliable? The aim of the assessment session was that the student would demonstrate the ability to perform a manual blood pressure recording. That she would have an understanding of the relevance of the readings and that the recordings would be documented accurately. The assessment criteria were compiled from policies and guidelines set out by the NMC, Royal Marsden Manual of Clinical Procedures and employers policies. Thus ensuring that the procedure adheres to NMC and local guidelines. The assessment was both valid and reliable as the learning outcomes were specific to policy and procedure. 3. Discuss the importance of constructive feedback and how it was given to your learner Feedback is an important part of the process in improving skills, knowledge and confidence. Students in all professions require feedback in order to stay motivated in their learning. The importance of thoughtfully and appropriately delivering feedback becomes clear when the deleterious consequences of poorly given or misunderstood feedback are considered. For example when learners view feedback purely negatively, they can become anxious or resentful and less receptive to further learning and evaluation (King, 1999). The feedback given to my student following the assessment was undertaken in a quiet private area, where time was taken to discuss together how we both felt the assessment had gone. I gave positive feedback on the assessment, pausing to allow the student to comment, the student herself highlighted the area of the assessment she felt under confident about. We had a further discussion on this and together compiled an action plan and scheduled regular one to one session to facilitate practice sessions. The session ended on a very positive note with the student thanking me for my guidance. 4. Reflect on your strengths and weaknesses of the assessment session On reflecting my own strengths and weaknesses during the assessment session it has become apparent to me that I should have given the student the opportunity to postpone the assessment due to the unexpected noisy environment . I felt the student’s concentration was compromised. This indeed could be identified as a weakness, not enabling the student to have an ideal learning environment. My strength during the assessment would have been my delivery of feedback following the session. I was able to use my positive mentor student relationship in order to allow the student to self-reflect and become aware of the area of the assessment in which she was weak. By allowing the student to 5. (Word count for essay 2 =†¦.. words ( NB: Please do not   include your words from the assessment plan) References How to cite Training Plan, Papers

Investigation Of Reproduction And Development In A Essay Example For Students

Investigation Of Reproduction And Development In A Essay nimalsInvestigation of Reproduction and Development in AnimalsDue Date: 12/9/96Cycles, Conception and ContraceptionFertility is the condition of being fertile. The aim of contraception is toinhibit fertility in individuals, hence, slowing population growth. The systemby which all female contraception must operate: the menstrual cycle. What is the menstrual cycle? and what hormones are involved in controlling it?After puberty, the female produces an egg each month. Other changes take placeon a cyclic basis including the uterus lining and hormone levels. These changesare called the menstrual cycle. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from thepituitary gland stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovary. Folliclesproduce oestrogen that stimulates the pituitary to produce leutinising hormone(LH). As LH increases the size of the follicle increases until an egg isreleased. The corpus luteum formed in the follicle secretes progesterone thatprepares the lining of the uterus for pregnancy. If fertilisation does not occurthe lining of the uterus is discharged from the body in the process calledmenstruation. What is the birth control pill?The combined oral contraceptive pill (the pill) is a reversable, hormonalmethod of birth control. The pill consists of a mixture of two synthetichormones similar to oestrogen and progesterone, the womans natural hormoneswhich regulate the menstrual cycle. The pill is on of the most popular methodsof birth control. How does it work?The pill basically prevents ovulation, therefore, the ovaries cant release amature egg. Without an egg for the sperm to fertilize , a woman cannot getpregnant . The hormones also increase cervical mucus, making it difficult forsperm to pass into the uterus. How effective is the pill?If used correctly, the pill is highly effective. It has a less than one percentfailure rate. However, because many people misuse it, the actual failure rate ismore like three percent. The pill does not provide protection against sexuallytransmitted diseases. How are pills used?One pill must be swallowed at the same time every day. It is not any singlepill, but the day-to-day process of taking the pill which provides protectionagainst pregnancy. What is infertility?Infertility in humans and other species(animals) is the inability to concieve orcarry a pregnancy to a live birth. The causes of infertility can be identifiedin some cases. The majority of cases relate to female factors (50%), 40% relateto male factors and 10% aree unknown. Infertility sometimes may serve as acombination of both male and female factors. If the cause of infertility is known, treatment of some kind may be available. In other cases a problem may disappear on its own and fertility is restored. Formany couples, about 40% of those affected, there is no solution to theirinfertility. Now days, there are a range of technologies and options available to coupleswishing to have children of their own. These methods include: donor insemination,IVF ( in vitro fertilisation), ZIFT, GIFT and so on. What is IVF?IVF involves fertilization outside the body in an artificial environment. Thisprocedure was first used for infertility in humans in 1977,in England. To date,thousands of babies have been delivered as a result of IVF treatment. The IVFprocedure has become simpler, safer and more successful over the years. What types of infertility can be helped by IVF?IVF is a good option for a couple in several instances. The most common reasonsfor this procedure is blocked or damaged fallopian tubes. Through IVF, thedamaged fallopian tubes are bypassed and the fertilization which usually takesplace within fallopian tubes is now performed in the human embryo culturelaboratory. Other factors that might lead to the need for IVF include low spermcount, endometriosis and unexplained infertility which has not responded toother courses of treatment. .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 , .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 .postImageUrl , .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 , .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90:hover , .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90:visited , .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90:active { border:0!important; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90:active , .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90 .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff396a3576d22796f4c1f74832229a90:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lowering the drinking age EssayHow is procedure carried out?To accomplish pregnancy as a result of IVF several steps are involved: Stimulation of the ovary to produce several fertilizable eggs. Retrieval ofthe eggs from the ovary. Fertilization of the eggs and culture of the embryosin the IVF laboratory. Placement of the embryos into the uterus forimplantation (embryo transfer or ET). Bibliography:Encarta Encyclopedia, Microsoft 96 Kinnear, Judith, Book One: Nature of Biology,The Jacaranda Press, Sydney, 1992. Winston, Robert, Infertility, A SympatheticApproach, Optima Book, Great Britian, 1994. World Book Encyclopedia, World BookInc, Chicago, 1991. The Human Body, World Book Inc, Chicago, 1990.

The Taming of The Shrew Themes

'The Taming of The Shrew' Themes Lets examine the two major themes that drive Shakespeares  The Taming of The Shrew. Theme: Marriage The play is ultimately about finding a suitable partner for marriage. The motivations for marriage in the play vary enormously, however. Petruccio is only really interested in marriage for economic gain. Bianca, on the other hand, is in it for love. Lucentio has gone to great lengths to win Bianca’s favour and to get to know her better before committing to marriage. He disguises himself as her Latin teacher in order to spend more time with her and to gain her affections. However, Lucentio is only permitted to marry Bianca because he has managed to convince her father that he is incredibly rich. Had Hortensio offered Baptista more money he would have married Bianca despite her being in love with Lucentio. Hortensio settles for marriage to the widow after his marriage to Bianca is refused. He would rather be married to someone than have no one. It is usual in Shakespearian comedies that they end in marriage. The Taming of the Shrew does not end with a marriage but observes several as the play goes on. Moreover, the play considers the impact that a marriage has on family members, friends and servants and on how a relationship and bond is formed thereafter. There is a form of elopement where Bianca and Lucentio go off and marry in secret, a formal marriage between Petruccio and Katherine where the social and economic contract is key, and the marriage between Hortensio and the widow which is less about wild love and passion but more about companionship and convenience. Theme: Social Mobility and Class The play is concerned with social mobility which is ameliorated through marriage in Petruccio’s case, or through disguise and impersonation.  Tranio pretends to be Lucentio and has all the trappings of his master while his master becomes a servant of sorts in becoming a Latin teacher for Baptista’s daughters. The Local Lord at the beginning of the play wonders whether a common Tinker can be convinced he is a lord in the right circumstances and whether he can convince others of his nobility. Here, through Sly and Tranio Shakespeare explores whether social class is to do with all the trappings or something more fundamental. In conclusion, one could argue that being of high status is only of any use if people consider you are of that status. Vincentio is reduced to a ‘faded old man’ in Petruccio’s eyes when he is encountered on the way to Baptista’s house, Katherine acknowledges him as a woman (who could get any lower on the social strata?). In fact, Vincentio is super powerful and rich, his social status is what convinces Baptista that his son is worthy of his daughter’s hand in marriage. Social status and class are therefore very important but transient and open to corruption. Katherine is angry because she does not conform to what is expected of her by her position in society. She tries to fight against the expectations of her family, friends and social status, her marriage ultimately forces her to accept her role as wife and she finds happiness in finally conforming to her role. In the end, the play dictates that each character must conform to his position in society. Tranio is restored to his servant status, Lucentio back to his position as a rich heir. Katherine is finally disciplined to conform to her position. In an additional passage to the play even Christopher Sly is returned to his position outside the alehouse having been stripped of his finery: Go take him easily up and put him in his own apparel again and lay him in the place where we did find him just underneath the alehouse side below.(Additional Passages Line 2-4) Shakespeare suggests it is possible to cheat class and social boundaries but that the truth will win out and one must conform to ones position in society if we are to live a happy life.

Frank Lloyd Wrights Plan for a Fireproof House

Frank Lloyd Wright's Plan for a Fireproof House Perhaps it was the 1906 earthquake and great fire in San Francisco that eventually inspired Frank Lloyd Wrights April 1907 Ladies Home Journal (LHJ) article, A Fireproof House for $5000. Dutch-born Edward Bok, LHJ editor-in-chief from 1889 to 1919, saw great promise in Wrights early designs. In 1901 Bok published Wrights plans for A Home in a Prairie Town and A Small House with Lots of Room in It. The articles, including the fireproof house, included sketches and floor plans designed exclusively for the LHJ. Its no wonder that the journal was the first magazine in the world to have one million subscribers. The design for the fireproof house is very Wright- simple and modern, somewhere between Prairie style and Usonian. By 1910 Wright was comparing what he called the concrete house of The Ladies Home Journal with his other flat-roofed, concrete projects, including Unity Temple. Characteristics of Wrights 1907 Fireproof House Simple Design: The floor plan shows a typical American Foursquare, popular at the time. With four sides of equal dimensions, concrete forms could be made once and used four times. To give the house visual width or depth, a simple trellis has been added, extending from the entrance. Center stairs near the entrance provide easy access to all parts of the house. This house is designed with no attic, but includes a dry, well-lighted basement storeroom. Concrete Construction: Wright was a great promoter of reinforced concrete construction- especially as it became more affordable for homeowners. Changing industrial conditions have brought reenforced concrete construction within the reach of the average home-maker, Wright claims in the article. The steel and masonry material provides not only fire protection, but also protection from dampness, heat, and cold. A structure of this type is more enduring than if carved intact from solid stone, for it is not only a masonry monolith but interlaced with steel fibres as well. For those unfamiliar with the process of working with this building material, Wright described that you make the forms using narrow flooring smoothed on the side toward the concrete and oiled. This would make the surface smooth. Wright wrote: In the composition of the concrete for the outside walls only finely-screened birds-eye gravel is used with cement enough added to fill the voids. This mixture is put into the boxes quite dry and tamped. When the forms are removed the outside is washed with a solution of hydrochloric acid, which cuts the cement from the outer face of the pebbles, and the whole surface glistens like a piece of grey granite. Flat, Concrete Slab Roof: The walls, floors and roof of this house, writes Wright, are monolithic casting, formed in the usual manner by means of wooden, false work, the chimney at the centre carrying, like a huge post, the central load of floor and roof construction. Five-inch thick reinforced gravel concrete creates fireproof floors and a roof slab that overhangs to protect the walls. The roof is treated with tar and gravel and  angled to drain not over the cold edges of the house, but into a downspout near the winter-warm center chimney. Closable Eaves: Wright explains that To afford further protection to the second-story rooms from the heat of the sun a false ceiling is provided of plastered metal lath hanging eight inches below the bottom of the roof slab, leaving a circulating air space above, exhausted to the large open space in the centre of the chimney. Controlling the air circulation in this space (by a simple device reached from the second-story windows) is a familiar system used today in fire-prone areas- left open in summer and closed in winter and for protection from blowing embers. Plaster Interior Walls: All the interior partitions are of metal lath plastered both sides, writes Wright, or of three-inch tile set upon the floor slabs after the reinforced concrete construction is complete. After coating the inside surfaces of the outside concrete walls with a non-conducting paint, or lining them with a plaster-board, the whole is plastered two coats with a rough sand finish. The interior is trimmed with light wood strips nailed to small, porous terra-cotta blocks, which are set into the forms at the proper points before the forms are filled with the concrete. Metal Windows: Wrights design for a fireproof house includes casement windows, swinging outward....The outer sash might at no very great additional expense be made of metal. Minimal Landscaping: Frank Lloyd Wright fully believed that his design could stand on its own. As an added grace in summer foliage and flowers are arranged for as a decorative feature of the design, the only ornamentation. In winter the building is well proportioned and complete without them. Known Examples of Frank Lloyd Wright Fireproof Houses 1908: Stockman Museum, Mason City, Iowa1915: Edmund F. Brigham House, Glencoe, Illinois1915: Emil Bach House, Chicago, Illinois Resources and Further Reading Edward Bok, Bok Tower Gardens National Historic Landmark website Frank Lloyd Wright On Architecture: Selected Writings (1894-1940), Frederick Gutheim, ed., Grossets Universal Library, 1941, p. 75 A Fireproof House for $5000, by Frank Lloyd Wright, Ladies Home Journal, April 1907, p. 24. A copy of the article was on the website of the Stockman House Museum, River City Society for Historic Preservation, Mason City, IA at www.stockmanhouse.org/lhj.html [accessed August 20, 2012]Visit the Emil Bach House at gowright.org/visit/bachhouse.html, Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation TrustGlencoes Notable Architecture, The Village of Glencoe; Antique Home Style has reproduced A Fireproof House for $5000 [accessed October 5, 2013]

A Comparison of the Power of Will in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse N

The story of Heart of Darkness was adapted to film after many failed attempts. (Hearts of Darkness, Coppala E.). Finally, director Francis Coppala collaborated with his friend John Milius on writing a screen play for Conrad's masterpiece. The two came up with Apocalypse Now, utilizing a more modern setting than the original story which was based in imperialistic Europe. The modern setting was that of the Vietnam war. Apocalypse Now focuses on the insanity of a decorated military colonial. "Kurtz intended to enlighten the natives, but instead he circums to the primal temptations of the jungle and goes insane." (Hearts of Darkness, Coppala E.) Â   The fiction of Joseph Conrad, as seen in Heart of Darkness, represents the teachings of the German philosopher and idealist Arthur Schopenhauer. Schopenhauer thought of the world as having two distinct entities, both of which are parts of the whole [world]. First, there is the world of representation or appearance. This is the phenomenal world which is made of tangible objects. For Schopenhauer the second entity being the thing-in-itself is will, and is the cause of everything. {Frost}. "The phenomenal world [world of representation] is merely an image; it mirrors the will, the real world." (Sahakian). Schopenhauer, being of pessimistic views, argued will to be a force that both "creates all and destroys all in its insatiable demand for " 'More!' [More of what it does not know it only knows that it wants more.]" (Palmer). All human actions are a result of will. As seen through the character of Kurtz, the world of will manifestates suffering, evil, and insanity into the world of perce ption. Â   There are m , Francis Copala, and John Milius. Paramount, 1989. Palmer, Donald. Looking at Philosophy; The Unbearable Heaviness of Philosophy Made Lighter. 1988. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1994. Sahakian William S. History of Philosophy. New York, Barnes and Noble Books, 1968. Schopenhauer, Arthur. Essays and Aphorisms. Trans. R. J. Hollingdale. New York, Penguin Books, 1970. Â   Works Consulted: Boyle, Ted E. Symbolism and Meaning in the Fiction of Joseph Conrad. 1965. ` Folcroft, PA; The Folcroft Press, 1969. Johnson, Bruce. Conrad?s Models of Mind. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1971. Murfin, Ross C. Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness: A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism. New York: St. Martin?s Press, 1989. Wollaeger, Mark A. Joseph Conrad and the Fictions of Skepticism. Stanford, CA; Stanford UP, 1990.

What Customer Service Means to ME Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

What Customer Service Means to ME - Term Paper Example I immediately logged into my checking account to see what it was referring to, and to my shocking surprise, there was a check scheduled to be sent to PSE&G for $19,589.00 for Novembers billing statement. So I immediately tried to edit the error to the correct amount of $195.89, but the online bill pay would not allow me to correct the error. So I then contacted the customer service at Bank of America to assist me in correcting this error or cancel it. After speaking to several customer service reps, I still got the same answer from each one, â€Å"sorry you had plenty of time all week to correct it, and it is now in the system and will be processed†. So then I called the customer service dep’t at PSE&G to explain what’s happening and see if they can help stop this train wreck. Well, guess what, I practically got the same responses from their customer service reps, but with even a bigger attitude. They told me â€Å"well when we get the check, we’ll going to process it because it’s our money†. Now this is after they’ve confirmed that the bill was only for $195.89. So after being on the phone with both companies for about 3 hours total on a Friday night, I immediately stopped all of my current transactions for the rest of the month with the online bill pay system. ... But he did tell me â€Å"don’t worry about it, I can see it’s an simple error, and it’ll be rejected because you didn’t have enough funds to cover it - it’ll just bounce back to them for insufficient funds. You should keep an eye on the account to inform us when it was submitted for payment†. Well I did just that, I kept my eye on my account every day the following week to see when it get submitted for payment. The check was schedule to be sent out that following Monday December 3rd, and the check was submitted by PSE&G that same day. So I called the branch manager concerning the check, and he informed me that he already bounced the check back to PSE&G for insufficient funds. He also told me to look for it again for the 2nd submission for payment, so he can do the same. That Wednesday, PSE&G submitted it again for the payment, and the branch manager did what he promised to me would do - send it back for insufficient funds. So now I’m r elaxing the train wreck has been avoided, but was it? Come Friday, I get a call from the central office of Bank of America, that they have started proceedings to collect on an outstanding balance of insufficient funds for a check that was deposited and processed a 3rd time by PSE&G, and they demand payment or else. Now I’m in shock, amazed and very pissed off with what was just said to me by some numskull who doesn’t have any common sense to review what’s been going on. So I gave him a few choice words and told what I think of him and the bank because it’s obvious that one hand doesn’t know what the other hand is doing, and that there weren’t any note, warnings or flags posted to my account for these Moran’s to stop

Emerging New HR Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Emerging New HR Concepts - Essay Example The structure of an industry has a major role in defining a company's competitive advantage in this global scenario. An industry is conceived as a group of companies that market products which substitute each other. The structure of an industry has a direct relation to its profitability. Service industry can be considered as a classic example in this regard. In the post liberalization and globalization era, the concept of outsourcing has gained more attention. Cost is playing a major role deciding the competitive advantage of an organization. Companies are thinking of different options to reduce cost and increase its competitiveness. Outsourcing of production and service has been considered as an effective way to reduce competitiveness. Companies in the western world have been outsourcing jobs and production facilities from their land to low cost areas such as India, Brazil, China and East Asian countries. With the industrialization process of the 20th century, salary levels and capital cost of Western countries had shoot up substantially and this had been eating up a major pie from companies' profit. There was no sign of reduction of cost and salaries. This has compelled corporates to think of other options. During 1980's companies had find East Asian and Latin American countries as a good destination for moving production and services. While companies in Western countries have good technology, better expertise, capital strength and understanding of the market, these countries provide low cost land, human resource and raw materials. Synergising both these strengths has given companies more competitive advantage in their domestic market. Their production cost has come down sharply with this move. It is considered that high skilled labour, highly professional management team, low cost work environment, best management and HR practices, innovation, understanding of the industry and secu rity measures are the major strengths of the organization in the globalised world. Most of these strengths are adopted by companies do to the particular character of the outsourcing industry. In the early 1990's the industrial scenario in developing countries was quite different from that of western countries. Here companies were least bothered of good corporate governance practices, HR management, cost, profitability, security and customer satisfaction. The state protective measures made the industry inefficient. Companies got huge subsidies for every thing and any thing. But with the entry of multi national companies to these markets, situation has changed drastically and a new corporate governance practice has been established. In the labour relation also there has been a paradigm shift in the past one and half decade. Technology has played a major role in changing labour outlook and mindset. Also the process of Globalisation, Liberalisation and Privatisation has played a major role in redefining the perception on labor. Today corporates and industry are keener on optimum use of labor and they are always thinking of new ways to improve efficiency and output. The increasing global competition has demanded new approach to the labor. There has been an increasing demand for skilled labor forces. The skill level of the workforce in developing countries was a major challenge for companies moving from western market to emerging

Renewable Energy Essay Example for Free

Renewable Energy Essay The possible downsides associated with different types of renewable energy resources are briefly listed below. Hydroelectric dam Located in remote hilly regions mostly prone to earth quakes Requires construction of large dams in potentially seismic zones Seasonality in power output as water flow is more in rainy season Nuclear Power Plants Accident if occur will cause lot of damage Radioactivity exposure to the personnel Radioactive waste disposal continues to be an unsolved issue Nuclear proliferation fear Solar Power Technology is yet to mature in terms of affordable and efficient solar panels Conversion efficiency is low Scalability is an issue Depends on sky condition Cannot produce electricity in night so storage device is required Green power refers to renewable energy resources which do not adversely affect ecological balance. Some examples are hydroelectric power, wind power, solar power, biomass etc. Advantages and disadvantages are listed below. Green Power Source Advantage Disadvantage Wind energy Free, clean Reliability is a big question mark Solar Energy Free, Clean, Plentiful Low conversion efficiency Hydroelectric Clean, free Located in remote hilly regions Today, the world is interested in renewable energy resources because the fossil fuels are limited in reserve and will deplete completely one day. Also, exploitation of the fossil fuels is leading to ecological imbalances and causing green house effect leading to global warming, which is a very serious issue, globally. The only answer to these problems is to go for renewable energy resources. Therefore, the world is so much interested in decreasing energy production from fossil fuel and increasing the same from renewable energy resources.

School Vouchers Essay -- Position Paper School Vouchers

School Vouchers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  School vouchers can be described as financial funding given to students who elect not to attend public schools. Therefore the government would not be spending money educating that student in a public school. A school voucher is the allotment of money that the government would have used for that student to attend public school. This money is then given to the family of the student to help fund the education of that student. This money cannot be used for anything other than education. There are many sides to take and many opinions to be had. It is very clear that the prospect of school vouchers is an issue to be debated. Some people feel that if they are not using the government’s form of education then they should be paid for not using it, in order to help finance other forms of education. On the other side of the issue, some people feel that school vouchers would be used in many cases to subsidize religious schools. This becomes a hot topic due to the separ ation of church and state. In short, does money not being used by a student belong to that student, and can it be used for a private, and sometimes religious, school. There are only two logical options to solve this dilemma of school vouchers. The first is that the government provides school vouchers to students not enrolled in the public school system. The second is that the government does not provide school vouchers to students not enrolled in the public school system. There are many stipulations that could be applied to both sides of the argument, but the bottom line remains the same. The government can either provide or not provide school vouchers. If the government should decide to provide school vouchers, there are both positive and negative aspects to that decision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Considering that the United States government would grant school vouchers to students, there would be many positive gains. For instance, that choice would level the playing field, with regards to education, between low-income families and upper class families (Messerli). This would be accomplished by providing monetary funding to families of students that could not previously afford to attend an institution of private education. In turn, more students would be able to enroll in private schools. An increase in attendance at private schools would be a benefit to the whole of the education system. This ben... ...ios and variables presented, I would recommend that a nationwide voucher program be introduced. I feel that a voucher program’s benefits far outweigh the shortcomings. A voucher program would not only be beneficial to parents and students, but also to education as it stands today. Parents would benefit by basing their decisions about education on the worth of the school instead of on money. Students would benefit by having a choice between public and private school. Even students not involved in the voucher program would benefit, by smaller class sizes, more diversity, and better teaching due to competition between schools. Education as we know it today, both public and private, would benefit by having more choices, and would then be able to assist more students in reaching their educational goals. Bibliography Coulson, Andrew J. Should You Fear School Choice?. 22 Sep. 2004. Mackinac Center for Public Policy. 3 Jan. 2005. Helping state leaders shape education policy. 2004. Education Commission of the States. 3 Jan. 2005. Messerli, Joe. Balanced Politics. 2 Oct. 2003. 3 Jan. 2005. . The pros and cons in the school voucher debate. 2002. Pagewise, Inc. 3 Jan. 2005. .

Absorbance and Spectrophotometry

Experiment 2: Absorbance and Spectrophotometry ABSTRACT: This was an investigation into the effects of different wavelengths of light on methylene blue and carmine red on the absorbance value on a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer is used to measure light intensity by emitting a single light source through a cuvette of coloured solution. The particles in the solution, which are coloured, absorb the light depending on how concentrated it is and this produces an electronic reading from the photometer which is the absorbance value.The maximum absorption was found for both solutions and was used to calculate the molar extinction coefficient of methylene blue. An unknown concentration of methylene blue was calculated by using graphs produced in the dilution experiments prior. The results produced supported Beer’s Law because the absorbance was directly proportional to the concentration, and so, we can be assured that the concentration of the unknown methylene blue solution cal culated is relatively accurate. INTRODUCTION: A spectrophotometer is used to measure the absorbance of light by coloured solutions.The absorbance value is produced by a photometer that compares the light detected with a blank cuvette (a cuvette containing just water/clear colourless solvent, which should be 0), with the amount of light detected with a test solution – in this case, methylene blue or carmine red. Using Beer’s Law, we know that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration, therefore, knowing the absorbance of a solution can be very useful as the concentration of the solution can be find by substituting known values into the equation: Absorbance = k c t Where: k = constant c = concentration of absorbing molecules = thickness of absorbing layer The aims of this experiment were to use solutions methylene blue and carmine red to confirm that Beer’s Law is true by finding the maximum absorption value for each solution, and then using thi s, find the absorption of methylene blue solution at various dilutions. By plotting these results on a calibration curve (concentration against absorbance), this allows the experimenter to read the concentration at a particular absorbance directly, such as the unknown concentration of methylene blue. METHOD: A spectrophotometer was used throughout this experiment. RESULTS: After finding the absorption for 0. 005% methylene blue solution and 0. 0005% carmine red solution at different wavelengths of light, we plotted a graph to show our findings to make it easier to see what region of wavelength the maximum absorption would occur at. Please refer to figure 1. From this graph, we can see that the maximum absorption for methylene blue is around 650nm-675nm as the peak on the line for methylene is around these values; for carmine red, we can see that the maximum absorption for carmine red is 500-550nm. To obtain a more accurate wavelength value, I placed more cuvettes of methylene blue a nd carmine red around their regions of maximum absorption.After finding the absorption values around each region, I plotted the findings of each solution on separate graphs to show the maximum absorption value. Figure 2 shows that the maximum absorption of methylene blue is 665nm because this has the peak absorption of 0. 965. However, this is not as accurate a value as it could be because the spectrophotometer did not go to more accuracy than 5nm. From Figure 3, we can see that the maximum absorption of carmine red is 0. 207 at wavelength 520nm as this is the peak on the graph. |Maximum Absorption at 0. 0005% | Methylene Blue |Carmine Red | |0. 965 |0. 207 | After we found the maximum absorption for methylene blue, 0. 965, at 665nm, we made up various dilutions of methylene blue and put each solution through the spectrophotometer at wavelength 665nm to find the molar extinction coefficient. I plotted these results on a graph (figure 6) and did the line of best fit through the point s to find the gradient, which is the molar extinction coefficient. Figure 4. Graph showing dilutions of methylene blue and the absorptions each solution givesThe black line on figure 4 represents the regression line. We can use this to find the concentration of the unknown concentration of methylene blue solution by drawing a tangent to the regression line at absorbance 0. 262 (where the unknown absorbed) and reading down from that point on the graph to the concentration. The concentration of the unknown methylene blue is 4. 4 x 10-6 mol dm-3. We can find the molar extinction coefficient by substituting values of absorbance and the concentration of the unknown concentration of methylene blue into Beer’s laws equation.Absorbance = k c t k = absorbance / c t k = 0. 262 / 4. 4 x 10-6 x 1 k = 59545 mol dm-3 cm-3 Therefore, k, the molar extinction coefficient is 59545 mol dm-3 cm-3. DISCUSSION: The main objectives of this experiment was to find the unknown concentration of methyle ne blue by using a spectrophotometer. I found the maximum absorption for methylene blue and carmine red (please refer to figure 1) and using this I determined a more accurate maximum absorption value for each solution by taking further readings around the peak of each line to determine the maximum.However, the findings of maximum absorption for methylene blue and carmine red may not be as accurate as we think because there are extraneous variables that we can not necessarily control. One is that the outside of the cuvette may have been dirty (however, this was controlled to an extent as I wiped each side down of the cuvette with a paper towel before placing it in the spectrophotometer); another variable is that the dial on the spectrophotometer only measured in wavelength intervals of 5nm, and so, we could not get more accurate readings than the ones we concluded with.From figure 1, we can also see that high (maximum) absorptions for carmine red occurs at around 475nm-550nm. This is because the light absorbs most light at this wavelength, and therefore, reflects light at approximately 675nm-725nm which are the wavelengths of the colour red, so we see red solution. The same can be applied to methylene blue solution because we can see from figure 1 that high absorptions for methylene blue occurs around 600nm-675nm – the light absorbs most colours at this wavelength and reflects light at approximately 400nm-450nm which are the wavelengths of the colour blue, so we see blue solution.We could use the maximum absorption of methylene blue found to make dilutions of methylene blue with water to plot a graph proving that Beers Law is true – that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. This is confirmed by the graph produced as the line of best fit is accurate and goes through the origin. APPENDIX: Finding the maximum absorbance: |Wavelength/nm |Absorption | | |Methylene Blue |Carmine Red | |350 |0. 33 |0. 156 | |375 |0. 015 |0. 018 | |400 |0. 015 |0. 046 | |425 |0. 018 |0. 048 | |450 |0. 006 |0. 127 | |475 |0. 029 |0. 093 | |500 |0. 041 |0. 65 | |525 |0. 040 |0. 186 | |550 |0. 077 |0. 144 | |575 |0. 186 |0. 068 | |600 |0. 476 |0. 039 | |625 |0. 622 |0. 028 | |650 |0. 800 |0. 005 | |675 |0. 95 |0. 013 | |700 |0. 102 |0. 004 | More accurate values of methylene blue: More accurate values of carmine red: |Methylene Blue | |Wavelength/nm |Absorption | | 630 |0. 623 | |640 |0. 679 | |655 |0. 885 | |660 |0. 929 | 665 |0. 965 | |670 |0. 913 | |Carmine Red | |Wavelength/nm |Absorption | |510 |0. 205 | |515 |0. 204 | |520 |0. 207 | |530 |0. 191 | |540 |0. 169 | Table below shows the dilutions and the absorbance values of methylene blue at 665nm: Tube |Water : Methylene Blue (ml) |Absorption |Concentration of methylene blue in | | | | |water/mol dm-3 | |1 |4:1 |0. 171 |3. 13 x 10-6 | |2 |3:2 |0. 376 |6. 26 x 10-6 | |3 |2:3 |0. 595 |9. 9 x 10-6 | |4 |1:4 |0. 762 |12. 51 x 10-6 | |5 |0:5 |0. 963 |15. 64 x 10-6 | |Blank |5:0 |0. 000 |0 | Unknown solution absorbance: 0. 262 Formula mass of methylene blue: 319. 6 Working out concentration of methylene blue from %: 1. 0. 0001% methylene blue so, 100/0. 001 = 1000000 so, 1/1000000 = 1 x 10-6 g cm-3 so, conc. = 1 x 10-6 g cm-3 / 319. 6 g mol-1 = 3. 13 x 10-6 mol dm-3 2. (3. 13 x 10-6) x 2 = 6. 26 x 10-6 mol dm-3 3. (3. 13 x 10-6) x 3 = 9. 39 x 10-6 mol dm-3 4. (3. 13 x 10-6) x 4 = 12. 51 x 10-6 mol dm-3 5. (3. 13 x 10-6) x 5 = 15. 64 x 10-6 mol dm-3 ———————– Figure 1. Methylene blue and carmine red’s absorption at regular intervals of wavelengths Figure 2. More accurate wavelengths to find the max. absorption for methylene blue Figure 3. More accurate wavelengths to find the max. absorption for carmine red

Level diploma for children and young peoples workforce

Levels diploma for children and young peoples workforce BY tarsal 2345 SSH 31 : Promote communication in health social care or childcare and young people's setting. 1. 1 Identify the different reasons people communicate The people communicate with each other and the varied methods of communication; how communication affects individuals and groups. Communication not only affects the professionals but the children and the relationships between the various people linked to the work place setting. People communicate with each other on a regular basis.This is a key skill acquired room birth, a skill dominant in humanity since the beginning of time. It is a vital survival skill acquired learned enhanced and practiced to make perfect. The most basic of which is speech and body language. Communication is a tool with which we exercise our influence on others bring about changes in society, in ourselves, In our attitude and in our environment. Through communication we can motivate the people a round us and can establish and maintain relationships. Communications make up a major part of our daily active life; and are a social requirement to mingle via communication.It Is a social activity to verbally communicate, correspond by reading writing or even body language! Communication Is the giving and receiving of information. Communication Is not specific to methods which speech Is relayed such as writing or reading but It Is refined by caste, culture, and education. When people live in/belong to a certain society or caste or have similar educative backgrounds. This contributes to their mindset and behavior and leads to better understanding of each other and In cases of different mindsets- creates misunderstanding. In this case the attitude and understanding and background of the person with whom weInteract with our communication skills would seem to be Imperfect and Ineffective. Some reasons of communication 0 To persuade 0 To provide and share Information/ knowledge 0 Ask qu estions 0 Express emotions 0 Maintain and promote good relationships that are affective In personal social and professional levels 0 Good flow of Information Ensure people know their roles and responsibilities Make sure rules and regulations are carried out Work together as a team Express wants and needs Negotiate and lease with others Interaction Avoid problems and misunderstandings place.Love understanding sharing and caring for each other all build a better society, unity; the core of which is strong communication. In a work setting communication is very important as it is the strongest factor we have to build and develop a relationship between ourselves, the children, their parents and our co workers. By being an affective communicator it helps to promote and create a positive working environment.In an establishment where we work as a team communication is important to keep up the group spirit, knowledge about what is happening whilst working with children It is vital to also co mmunicate with other professionals as well such as Doctors nurse's parents school teachers, social workers there co workers police men fire men etc So it is important that the rest of the team is communicated the information to as well 1. 2 Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting.Information needs to be passed on to the relevant people keeping in mind the necessity of information to safeguard the internet of children and also protecting them and us as their Careers. I work on a need to know For example whilst I was out during school run time. My assistant was at home. I got a text from a parent that someone else would be coming one hour early than normal to pick up the child. Due to network issues I couldn't call the assistant.So had to call the parent to tell the person to wait till I got back as I needed to discuss something, also career at home had no idea what was happening, thereafter that day I had a briefing with the parent that I will have to have at least twenty minutes notice before pick up, even if assistant is at home; As I may be out. They will have to wait until I return. Also I had to have a briefing with my assistant that should any of the parents knock on the door and they are unaware they must wait till I return as I may need to talk to the parents/ relay mom information etc.In this way I kept my parents and assistants aware that we need to make sure things are in order. Otherwise things can go out of hand and I need to maintain safeguarding for everyone. I made sure I was clear and precise and to the point and made sure they all understood the importance of the instructions. I felt that as I was the main role leader I should communicate my wants and needs clearly so that the other people working under me will understand the rules and regulations. Also the set out rules and regulations need to be fair and Just- not biased.So the relationship between co-workers will be a happy one and an easy environment where the e nvironment in smooth. With clear understanding colleagues would support each other and this is very vital for a healthy setting. I felt that I kept a professional and friendly approach during my day. At times taking on Jobs where I felt the assistant needed more help made them realize that we are a team not a boss against their employee. In a work environment it is also important to have reviews from parents or co workers that will help improve the setting, so we can reflect on our reactive and take action to enhance it.Another reason why it is important to convey information to one colleague to another is the fact that some children have allergies. Worker did not know about it or didn't know how or why it is triggered, the child could be in danger. This affects the child's safeguarding rights and proper training for this was required and full information needed to be shared to protect both the child and the career from a difficult and hazardous situation. If the co worker was absen t/away they need to know if something new has happened to make sure they are up to date.I held a session with the assistant, the parent and the nurse involved with the child's treatment till date. And was given a full training session on how the practical parts of the allergy is dealt with. Observations are an important way to communicate information even for personal settings. Sometimes I am working alone. Doing paperwork helps to structure learning goals and objectives aiming for higher, knowing the child's potential and aiming to develop any under developed areas.If we communication with children and young people: we need some key skill to make our bobs and skills more competent 0 Being patient= having the ability to control our selves when there is trying situations 0 Listening skills= listen to and understand the child/Rene needs as much as possible 0 Remembering= names, personal preferences special things to them to make them feel like they belong and that this is a place wher e they are part of a small family 0 Body language = making sure our body language and posture is positive so the children can positively develop 0 Maintaining a good eye = when we talk to children make eye contact so they are aware that the conversation is for them and they are the individual it is aimed at 0 Sensitivity = using word carefully selected 0 Showing warmth love caring, understating, sincerity positive values of others etc 0 Safeguarding = making sure that all their physical and mental interests are always priority. Confidentiality = making sure we do not tell others about what is happening in our settings.So children's information is kept safe For example In my experience I found that sometimes information can be misinterpreted, such as one day I had arranged for a parent to come and meet me at the library, for a session where I would read with the children and she would also articulate with the children. As I had mentioned very briefly that I would be taking them to li brary A; but she had thought it was library B and went to a different library. However we resolved the issue as soon as I realized and I rerouted to the second library. Luckily there was a telephone conversation in which I had picked up from her that she was in library b and without putting any blame on either side met up at library b instead. Parent realized the misunderstanding and we made sure that in future we will be clear of exact venue as there are a few libraries nearby.

Whats in store for the workplace in 2018ÂÂ

Whats in store for the workplace in 2018   As one year ends and another begins, it’s a good time to start thinking about what may be lying ahead for you work-wise in 2018. It’s obvious that the world is changing pretty rapidly, with advances in technology and consumer demands having a tremendous impact on the workplace across all industries. Here’s an example- it’s fair to say that the traditional routine of commuting to work Monday through Friday and punching a clock from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. is disappearing; in many professional sectors it has already gone the way of the dinosaur and in others it’s quickly evaporating, leaving many of us to wonder what’s next. A recent article on Ladders made some interesting predictions regarding workplace changes that could possibly be in store for us in 2018. If you’re wondering about what might be lying ahead for you at your current job or if the coming year might be a good time to make a career change, then keep reading!More flexible work ar rangementsIf there’s one thing that technological advances in recent years have changed it’s the ability to work from absolutely anywhere- these days, you can even get work done while waiting on line at the grocery store. More people are being more productive than ever before on their laptops, tablets, and smartphones and getting work done at home, while running errands or waiting for appointments, or wherever else they have pockets of spare time (and Internet access).Progressive employers have already capitalized on this trend by allowing their employees to take advantage of opportunities to work remotely. This can be a real win-win situation- employees get to save on the time, hassle, and expense of having to commute back and forth from work every day, and employers get to save money on things like office supplies and have a happier staff (and potentially greater employee retention from the added perk). Count on this telecommuting trend to continue through 2018 and b eyond.Decreasing full-time positionsModern innovations in the workplace have ushered in a new way of thinking about employee productivity. Simply put, companies are discovering creative ways to do more with less and to leverage new technology to empower fewer employees to get more work done. As a result, companies are reimagining what they need from a dedicated staff and are shifting away from hiring full-time employees and towards hiring part-time, freelance, and contract employees as needed for work projects- for better or for worse. This represents a real cost-savings for the average company, and in an economy in which domestic growth is sluggish at best, it’s a compelling option that less and less companies will shy away from in 2018.The rise of employee engagementAs companies learn to do more with less and rely on a smaller, more valuable core group of employees to drive productivity, expect to see a greater focus on making sure that these employees are fully engaged and happy. Why is this a growing trend? Employee turnover with leaner staffs can represent a significant loss of time, money, and institutional knowledge, so doing whatever it takes to keep folks happy- and in place- will become more strategically important. This can take lots of different forms- from added incentives and perks on the job to more flexibility regarding work-life balance and life outside of work.Greater cultural diversity and awarenessIt’s obvious that most progressive societies are moving towards a greater understanding, awareness, and appreciation of cultural diversity, and this is trickling down into the modern workplace. In 2018, expect to see most companies enhancing their efforts to ensure that their workplaces reflect the rich diversity that exists in our increasingly globalized world. Furthermore, according to Amy Cooper Hakim, Ph.D. and industrial-organizational psychologist, â€Å"more companies will hold training classes (both virtually and in-person) to ensure that all members of an organization treat others with respect. This respect is vital for interactions with employees, employers, stakeholders, and clients.†There you have it- some workplace predictions for the coming year. Although you can expect to see some variation across industries and companies, you can count on these trends continuing in the workplace in general through 2018 and beyond.

Analysis of Research Methods, Client Relationship, Personal Evaluation Essay

Analysis of Research Methods, Client Relationship, Personal Evaluation - Essay Example The paper tells that with the advancement of technology and emergence of the concept of consumerism to the surface, customers have become ever more dominant and powerful in the marketplace. Nowadays all the companies shed off myopic ideas and try to incorporate consumer’s will in the decision making process. This is particularly important because customer satisfaction is the ultimate objective that leads to profitability and endurance in organizations. To attain stability, organizations spend millions of dollars today on their Research and Development departments to get the best and most accurate knowledge regarding consumer behaviour and expectations. This knowledge and information is utilized by organizations in improving their processes to meet the demands and requirements of the customers and thus deliver a â€Å"wow experience† every time the customer interacts with the offering. In other words, this shall not be exaggeration to state that, research is one of the k ey pillars to success of an organization, in the contemporary market dimensions. Any idea or tactic backed up by research findings is more durable and dependable then something that is implemented out of the blue. Research does not only assist organizations in deciding which route to success shall be adopted, in fact contingency measures and sporadic adjustments to deviations and evaluation of the implementation are some of the broad areas that are addressed at length by researches. (Thornton, 2010). Throughout the length of this paper various research methods will be analyzed through various perspectives and efforts will be made to develop an understanding of using research methods and findings in the most efficient manner possible. Analysis of Research Methods The above diagram is a representation of a general research process. Though 5 major steps are shown in the diagram in a systematic manner, but in real life scenario one stage may precede the other depending upon the requirem ents of the researchers and the nature of the research itself. While conducting our research we followed the above systematic flow of processes for data collection, analysis and reporting of its findings (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Research can be defined as a systematic investigative study conducted to discover answers to questions or solutions to prevalent or future dilemmas. In the commercial scenario, findings of a research may serve to make it or break it for the sponsors of the research. Bearing in mind the model provided in the figure then we see that the process initiates with the discovery of a problem or unanswered question. This is the phase of the research process that occurs voluntarily (Kumar, 2010). Any department of the company shall encounter a problem at any stage and this is completely unavoidable and inevitable (Collis, 2003). The stage that entails the discovery of a problem shall come to the surface unexpectedly and demand a solution on an immediate basis and th ings could be the other way round too. Therefore this can be said that moving on from one stage to another in the research process may vary from situation to situation (Blaxter et al, 2006). The stage proceeding Discover Stage is known as â€Å"Retrieve Stage†. Retrieve stage is a significant phase that shall be carried out with great care and technically sound staff. There are various methods utilizing which this phase can be surpassed. At this stage we were required to determine the sources from which data can be retrieved and the subsequent methodology to be adopted. There are two broad options that were available to the group to get the data from, Primary Resources and Secondary Resources (McBurney, 2009). Secondary resources are considered to be the best sources of information in case the problem that has to be resolved has occurred before in some other department of the company or may be in any other part of the world. Secondary data provides a sound basis to the resear chers to construct a framework based on the

Visual arts...a visit to the metropolitan museum of art Essay - 1

Visual arts...a visit to the metropolitan museum of art - Essay Example as revised to state that: â€Å"The mission of The Metropolitan Museum of Art is to collect, preserve, study, exhibit, and stimulate appreciation for and advance knowledge of works of art that collectively represent the broadest spectrum of human achievement at the highest level of quality, all in the service of the public and in accordance with the highest professional standards† (Metropolitan Museum of Art). Where is the mission found  within  the museum? Is it written for all to see or is it in a piece of literature available at the entrance?  The mission statement can be found in a stairwell near the 81st street entrance. Is it written clearly or do you think it’s too obscure, or too general? What makes it so? The mission statement is clearly written. The original statement, however, connects the art within the museum to the American culture, the spirit of the idea of creating a collection more defined by the culture for which the collection was created. The newer statement separates the art from the public, re-enforcing the idea that art is elitist and through this idea, creates an alienation of the average viewer from the works. The first statement was inclusive, while the second creates exclusivity. Upon entering the museum, the massive size and detail of the architecture leaves one breathless in its impressive impact. The architecture of the front entrance is organized symmetrically, giving a sense of balance and stability. The architecture is serious, intended to denote the importance of the building and impacting with a solemnity that quiets the soul upon entering. Even with the colorful banners on the outside of the entrance, the attendee is intimidated by its impressive stature. Despite its serious nature, the entrance to the museum invites the attendee to enter, to want the experience that waits within its walls. Despite its large and impressive stature, it is not intimidating, but evokes a sense of excitement in the attendee because of what is

Clinical Exampler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Clinical Exampler - Essay Example The mother herself appeared calm and pleased. Perhaps she has had the ultrasound for several times already, that's why she seemed relaxed. The father was also present to observe the ultrasound of his first child. It was the father's reaction that was very weird because he started to feel nauseated a few minutes after observing the ultrasound. He became really sick that he had to excuse himself to the restroom. He said that he was not used to hospital environment. But I believe that it was from observing the ultrasound that made him feel queasy. Generally, the whole experience was great. The actual ultrasound observation is significant to gain basic understanding of fetus development. The image could have been better if the ultrasound was a more advanced 3D or 4D. Nonetheless, I am thankful to have had the opportunity to share the joys of patients and families as they welcome the arrival of a new family member. Every woman must be conscious of her health and well-being, especially for the sake of her family and loved ones. As a woman ages, one of the health procedures she must go through is the mammogram. As nursing students we were required to observe a mammogram screening. Once more, it was my first time to witness such medical procedure. The patient was a 40-year old woman.

Analyzes paper on Medea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzes paper on Medea - Essay Example Pasolini’s Medea effectively shows the clash that exists between ancient and old fashioned culture and the modern civilization. Through the relationship between Medea and Jason, viewers are shown how archaic or outdated culture is crashed in the hands of modern culture and the new ways of doing things. Given that the movie takes place in the 1960s, Europe, like most parts of the world at the time, was experiencing change. Through the film, Pasolini effectively shows how different groups in the society attempted to resist such changes, but were overpowered by the wave of modernity. The old was paving way for the new. In this movie, Pasolini successfully brings out the clash between the old and the new, and how the old cultures eventually die in the hands of the modern revolutionary ways. Medea is shown to be a woman of the old, ancient world who is overtaken by the changes taking place in the new world. Medea is portrayed as a woman who experiences reality in a totally differen t way, and sees herself as the only thing that has remained unchanged over time. She still holds onto barbaric and outdated traditions and practices. For example, after the boy is sacrificed and sliced into portions, other larger pieces are burnt. Medea is shown to use a kind of wheel that spins the smoke across the fields. This is an illustration of how Medea believed and prompted old-fashioned practices such as the making of human sacrifices. Her husband Jason and the two children are used to represent modernity. Jason realizes that Medea is too old fashioned for him and decides to marry the daughter of the king, who is much younger. This illustrates who modernity overpowers the old ways. Medea is used to illustrate the sufferings of the ancient people. Through the movie, Pasolini figuratively shows the audience the kind of anguish and pain the ancient people went through in the hands of other barbaric individuals. The movie thus successfully reminds the audience of the need to

The McDonaldization of Society

The McDonaldization of Society According to Ritzer, the Mcdonaldization of society has standardized the consumer experience. Critically discuss. The McDonaldization of society was originally published in 1993 and has since been revised and republished several times. In this text Ritzer argues that a process of McDonaldization has taken place in which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world (Ritzer, 2004, pg 1). This process has revolutionized the principles of business and transformed our experiences of production and consumption.   Ritzers concept is based on the work of Weber and his theory of rationalization (Weber, 1964). Weber argues that modernity is characterised by instrumental reason, with an increased emphasis on efficiency, control and the use of technology. This was initiated by a decline in traditional authority and the influence of charismatic leaders. The authority of rationality is based on rules and the application of science, logic and reason.   These rules are carried out by bureaucratic structures in wh ich groups of peoples are organised into hierarchies, each having individual responsibilities. They must follow the rules and regulations set by those who occupy a higher level in the hierarchy (Ritzer, 2004). Ritzer uses his McDonaldization model to demonstrate this rationalization process. The bureaucratic characteristics of the fast food restaurant include a complex division of labour in which food is prepared elsewhere and delivered frozen. A crew of labourers then perform a specific role repeatedly, such as cooking food and serving customers. For Ritzer, the fast food restaurant has come to represent the growth of rationalization in the twentieth century and its increasing influence on everyday human interaction and personal identities. Ritzer identifies four aspects of McDonaldization, one of which is predictability and relates most closely with this essay title. This aspect of McDonaldization implies that all products and services are standardized, that is they are identical at any time and in any place (Aldridge, 2003). To standardize means it is free from any irregularities, all the products are made to conform to one another. Shlosser (2001) refers to this characteristic as uniformity (pg. 5). This is the key to the success of any business franchise he argues. Customers are drawn to familiar brands by an instinct to avoid the unknown. A brand offers a feeling of reassurance when its products are always and everywhere the same (Schlosser, 2001, pg 5). Both Schlosser and Ritzer argue that the success of the fast food industry, through the production and consumption of standardized products, have encouraged other types of industry to adopt these methods of business.   This has meant that identical copies of vari ous stores are now spread across the world, leaving smaller businesses unable to compete (Schlosser, 2001 and Ritzer, 2004). For example, Subway now has 27,000 outlets in 85 countries and Starbucks opens an average of 6 new coffee shops per day (Ritzer, 2004). Standardization has made its roads in areas like education, healthcare, shopping, leisure and sport. It is worth concluding my introduction by outlining the other three characteristics of Ritzers McDonaldization theory. Then I will proceed to discuss the question of whether the McDonaldization of society has standardized the consumer experience. The first dimension is efficiency the optimum method for getting from one point to another (Ritzer, 2004, pg 13). By following predetermined steps, businesses can function efficiently as every stage is carried out quickly and easily. This idea of efficiency is promoted by businesses as beneficial to consumers, but in reality serves their business interests as customers are increasingly providing their own labour while paying additional charges for the privilege. Ritzer offers many examples, such as salad bars, ATM machines and drive throughs.   A few years ago, the fast food chain McDonalds came up with the slogan We do it all for you. In reality, at McDonalds, we do it all for them. We stand in line, take the food to the table, dispose of the waste, and stack our trays. As labour costs rise and technology develops, the consumer often does more and more of the work (Ide and Cordell cited in Ritzer, 2004, pg 61).   The second aspect is calculability, Ritzer argues that McDonaldization involves calculating, quantifying. Quality tends to become a surrogate for quality (Ritzer, 2004, pg 66). Mcdonaldized products and services are quantified, tasks are done within a certain time and products are a specific size, numerical standards are applied to almost everything. The size of a Big Mac never changes (Aldridge, 2003). Microwaves in the home mean that meals can now be prepared in minutes, saving time for other activities. News broadcasts are condensed into minute snippets of information so we are not bogged down with detail and useless information. Ritzer argues that although an emphasis on calculability means that we can pay very little for large sizes, the quality of these goods are becoming ever more substandard. The final dimension of the McDonaldization paradigm is control. This involves the use of nonhuman technology to remove the uncertainties caused by human agency and to ensure that both employees and customers are pliant participants in the McDonaldizing process (Ritzer, 2004, pg 132).   Employees are not required to think for themselves or apply human logic to their work. They must follow instructions, push buttons on tills and scan barcodes. The skill and potential of human actors has become insignificant in a McDonaldizing world. Our everyday interactions are now based on the use of machines. Ritzers critique of these four dimensions is discussed in his chapter on the irrationality of rationality where he acknowledges the benefits of the McDonaldization of society, such as increased variety, the availability of 24 hour shopping and increased speed of service.   But despite the obvious benefits he argues that rationalization produces unreasonable systems in which human reason is und ermined. His arguments mirror those of Marx and his discussion of alienation (1844). Ritzers analysis of McDonaldiztion can be extended to many fields of consumption which have become increasingly standardized. For example, many argue that higher education has become McDonaldized. Previously, academics who teach in higher education were able to control their methods of teaching and dictate the nature of its content. This diversity in teaching styles and approaches has been reduced to a homogenized, product orientated system in which the student is now thought of as a customer. The quality of education is now highly controlled and regulated, teaching and research is bureaucratic and rationalized to serve economic interests.   Evidence of this can be found in the emphasis on skills and employability placed on students as well as the use of postgraduate students and other low wage teaching assistants to lead classes. Higher education institutions are forced to compete with one another for funding and rank positions for the quality of teaching and research. Students op inions are now recorded by way of course evaluations which amount to surveys on customer satisfaction (Poynter, 2002).   Lecturers and tutors are often required to develop and update new skills in technology in their teaching, this includes the use of power point and blackboard. Students also use technology in their studies in order to prepare them for their careers and the world of business. Although there is no national curriculum in place for higher education, this may change in the future and a national standard may be put in place (Hartley, 1993). This mass production of education is likely to cause a decline in its quality. Ritzer argues that we have seen the ultimate step in the dehumanization of education, the elimination of a human teacher and of human interaction between teacher and student (Ritzer, 2004, pg 155). It is interesting that Ritzer suggests not only that university education has become McDonaldized, but that   the subject of sociology has too.   He discus ses the McDonaldization of sociology textbooks and sociological theory or standardized theory (Ritzer, 1998, pg 37) but does not consider his own contribution to this phenomenon in writing the McDonaldization thesis. Many argue that his books have made social theory more palatable for students (Smart, 2006). There are many other examples of standardized consumer experiences. Ritzer identifies fie aspects of this standardization or predictability. Each can be related to specific areas of consumption. Hotel chains are   a perfect example of predictable settings the growth of these chains has changed the way we experience hotel stays, while previously they were very diverse and owned by individuals who ran them in different ways and offered varying services and amenities. Now customers know what to expect from well known chains as each establishment is identical to the next (Ritzer, 2004,). The existence of individually run guesthouses and bed and breakfast is not a thing of the past as Ritzer seems to imply. These types of hotels are still hugely popular by consumers who wish for a more traditional, less standardized experience. The use of scripted interaction has created a more routinized experience for the consumer, we encounter this form of pseudo-interaction on almost a daily basis in fast food restaurants and   supermarkets as well as other places. Many supermarkets require their staff to follow a number of compulsory steps when serving customers, such as great the customer, offer to pack, promote certain products, say goodbye etc.   Ritzer argues that consumers are subjected to inauthentic, insincere, treatment. I would argue however that although workers are required to ask certain questions, it is not as scripted as Ritzer claims, many businesses encourage their staff to engage in natural conversation with them. Ritzer highlights that employee behaviour has become set to a specific standard. Workers must dress and act in a certain way. Detailed employee manuals are often distributed containing the dos and donts of the job. Disney is a   good illustration of this, Bryman (2004) discusses the emotional labour of employees working in Disney theme parks in which they must act as characters when delivering service, they are required to present the idea that they are taking part in the fun and not simply working. They internalise the culture of Disney by using a specific vocabulary and adopting a Disneyized persona in their work. The standardized nature of products, as well as the processes involved in their production, is another aspect of Ritzers predictability theory. In McDonalds, the food is easy to prepare and pre-cut to look identical to one another. The methods of preparation are the same in every restaurant, as is the packaging in which it is served. Ritzer argues that simple menus ensure predictability and uncomfortable seating (which is often in short supply) ensures that customers eat and leave quickly. It is important to note however, that McDonalds restaurant has changed in recent times, the menu has grown and now includes more healthy options and alternatives to the classic items like hamburgers and milkshakes. The decor and seating have also changed and is now much more vibrant, creating a dining experience in which customers are not forced to leave quickly but relax and take their time. This is something Ritzer may have to factor into the next edition of his book. He also argues that regional and ethnic distinctions are disappearing from American cooking (Ritzer, 2004, pg 99). The predictability of food in a McDonaldized society means that the food consumed in one city, is the same as any other. The standardized nature of the food served in fast food restaurants means that we can purchase the very same product in most parts of the world he argues. This can be disputed in that there are always cultural variations in the food served in different countries, such as the meat used and sauces supplied the restaurant. Religious and cultural beliefs have an impact on the type of food on offer.   The menus are certainly not as standardized and uniform as Ritzer claims. Turner (2006) identifies this as a major criticism of Ritzer and argues that the extent and uniformity of McDonalds is not an illustration of cultural standardization (pg 82). He goes on to cite ethnographic studies which prove that McDonaldization is not a straight forward process. Standardized consumer experiences also involve keenness by businesses to minimize danger and unpleasantness (pg 102). Again, Disney theme parks are   a useful illustration   of this as they are extremely controlled environments free from crime and disorder. Shopping malls are another good example as they protect the shopper from the dangers of the outside world and provide a relaxed, upbeat environment. Ritzer discusses and documents an extensive number of areas of consumption which are characteristically rationalized and standardized. At this point, the argument that McDonaldization of society has standardized the consumer experience is quite convincing. However, many writers have criticised Ritzers McDonaldization thesis and I would like now to outline a few of the critiques that have been put forward, some have already been mentioned. I will then summarise and conclude the essay. Kellner (1999) points out firstly that Ritzer manages to cover a diverse number of areas simply because his thesis is so broad as to conceptually grasp and interpret a wealth of data (pg. 186). Kellner argues that Ritzers theory relies too heavily on Webers work on rationalization. This generates a one-sided and limited optic that needs to be expanded by further critical perspectives (pg. 187). Ritzers methods of research are also quite limiting and can be described simply as journalistic, he uses every day, observable illustrations which are easy to relate to and discuss. Therefore he is heavily reliant on media articles to exemplify his arguments. Absent from his theory is a consideration of the subjective aspects of McDonaldization and the role of human agents. How do we as individuals view the McDonaldization process and how does it serve our interests? There seems to be too much focus on production, with a disregard for the diverse experiences and practices of consumption. Kell ner suggests that cultural studies be included in the McDonaldiztion thesis. The McDonalds experience today for example, has arguably entered the post-modern realm, where McDonalds advertising has come to represent a quasi- mythical, hyper real world of Americana, family fun and good times (Kellner, 1999, pg 191). Kellner proposes that a multiperspective approach would be more valuable and the incorporation of the work of theorists such as Marx and Baudrillard would be useful. ONeill (1999) is also extremely critical of Ritzer and questions whether McDonaldization is a sufficient theory to explain the changes to our experiences of consumption in recent times. He describes Ritzers books as theory burgers   only suitable for the lay population (ONeill, 1999, pg 53).he concludes his chapter with the statement only you can stop teaching/reading Ritzer! (pg. 55). To conclude, Ritzer has claimed that the fast food restaurant has standardized everything related to the production and consumption of goods. From the shape and size of fries to the scripting of human interaction. This revolutionary system is indicative of changes in other areas of social life today, and   marks the beginning of future changes to come. Ritzer convincingly backs up his claims with an analysis of other phenomena such as education and leisure. By utilizing Webers classic work on rationalization and the iron cage of bureaucracy (1964) Ritzer applies and extends it to present day experiences of production and consumption. It is probably reasonable to say that the McDonaldization of society has standardized the consumer experience. But with his overly pessimistic analysis, Ritzer fails to offer any insight into the deeper social and cultural reasons and ramifications for this process. His theory is overly descriptive and presents a simplistic view of contemporary consume r culture. What is needed is, as Kellner argues, a theory which offers more than a one dimensional perspective and takes into account the subjective experiences and symbolic value of our practices. Bibliography Aldridge, A (2003) Consumption. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bryman, A (2004) The Disneyization of society. London: Sage. Hartley, D (1995) The McDonaldization of higher education: Food for thought? Oxford review of education. Vol. 21. Pp. 409-423. Published by Taylor and Francis Ltd. Kellner, D (1999) Theorizing/resisting McDonaldization: A multiperspective approach. In Smart, B [ed] Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage. Marx, K (1844) The economic and philosophical manuscripts. New York: International publishers. ONeill, J (1999) Have you had your theory today? In Smart, B [ed] Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage. Poynter, G (2002) Modules and markets: education and work in the information age in Hayes, D and Wynyard, R [eds] The McDonaldization of higher education. USA: Greenwood press. Ritzer, G (1998) The Mcdonaldization of American sociology: A metasociological analysis. In Ritzer, G [ed] The McDonaldization thesis. London: Sage. Ritzer, G (2004) The McDonaldization of society: Revised new century edition. USA: Sage publications. Schlosser, E (2001) Fast food nation. London: Penguin. Smart, B (1999) Resisting McDonaldization: Theory, process and critique. In Smart, B [ed] Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage. Taylor, S and Lyon, P (1995) Paradigm lost: the rise and fall of McDonaldization International journal of contemporary hospitality management. Vol. 7 No. 2/3.pp. 64-68. MCB University Press. Turner, B. S (2006) McDonaldization: the major criticisms in Ritzer [ed] McDonaldization: the reader. California: Pine forge press. Weber, M (1964) The theory of economic and social organizations. New York: The free press.

Diversification within American Organizations Essay -- essays research

Diversification within American Organizations The United States has the most diverse and multicultural population ever known to man. The symbolic metaphor â€Å"the melting pot,† strongly states that the major problem organizations face in American society is a diverse personnel with different economical status, beliefs, and cultural background; because of this, operating an organization in American society is a very complex task. For many years, researchers struggled with the concept of finding the perfect organizational structure to meet the need of the employee and the demands of society. However, research has consistently shown because of historical American idealism that individuals choose to interact more often with members of their own cultural groups or identity rather it’s gender, physical, race, or religious base. This type of interaction makes managing a diverse work force a major challenge for managers in the 21st century. This paper will examine diversification from four important issues facing today and future American corporations: Gender, Disability, Ethnicity, and Religion. The four issues are protected by Federal and State laws and enforce by Federal and State courts. Since Americans are comprised of individuals from various countries, and different ethnicities many organizations have begun to embrace diversification in the workplace. Diversification within American Organizations (GENDER) The study of organizations shows the significant differences and similarities of groups. American organizations have recognized that the composition a workforce or any organization, is beginning to reflect the composition of American society. Diversity of gender is one that is characterized by rolls of a person or persons. Research has shown that men and women are equal in terms of learning ability, memory, reasoning ability, creativity, and intelligence (Gibson, 96). Some people regard issues of treatment of various employee groups, such as those based on gender, race, and sexual orientation as primarily an issue of moral fairness. Women should be given the same career opportunities as men; homosexual couples should be given the same health insurance benefits as heterosexual couples. American society and culture has changed considerably on these issues over the last 150 years (when women were not allowed to vote and slavery was still practiced), and o... ...rganization. Diversity will challenge organizational leaders to make the necessary changes to develop a multicultural organization in today’s diverse society that fits society demands and the organizational needs. References Bolman, L.G., & Deal T.E. (1997). Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leadership. Second Edition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. Braun, Carol M. (1998). Inequality: Opposing Viewpoints in Social Problems. San Diego: Greenhaven Press. Capps, Walter. (1990). The new religious right: piety, patriotism, and politics. South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 119-120. Clutterbuck, David (1981). How to be a good corporate citizen: A manager’s guide to making social responsibility work & pay. McGraw Hill Company. Oxford Press, 26-86. Cox, T. (1991). The Multicultural Organization. Academy of Management Executive, 5,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  34-37. Gender in the Workplace. (n.d.) Retrieved June 3, 2002 from http://www.hum.ah.edu/gender/gender.html. Gibson, J.L.,Ivancevich, J.M., Donnelly, J.H. (2000) Organizaions: Behavior Structure